2022年4月25日 巴赫《赋格的艺术》I(Emerson String Quartet)

汉八刀

今天听德国作曲家巴赫(Johann Sebastian Bach,1685 - 1750)的《赋格的艺术》(德文:Die Kunst der Fuge,BWV 1080) ,1976年成立于纽约的埃默森四重奏组(Emerson String Quartet)演奏。

赋格是盛行于巴洛克时期的一种复调音乐体裁,是复调音乐中最为复杂而严谨的曲体形式,又称“遁走曲”,意为追逐、遁走。其基本特点是运用模仿对位法,使一个简单的而富有特性的主题在乐曲的各声部轮流出现一次(呈示部);然后进入以主题中部分动机发展而成的插段,此后主题及插段又在各个不同的新调上一再出现(展开部);直至最后主题再度回到原调(再现部),并常以尾声结束。赋格曲的弹奏,对于训练钢琴学员的复调音乐思维有很大的助益。

巴赫的《赋格的艺术》,BWV1080,作于他生命的最后阶段,大约是1749—1750年。1749年,巴赫将要失明,身体状况也日见衰退,这部作品可看作是他的音乐遗嘱。这部曲集共包括22首赋格与卡农,但其编号只有19首,原因是16、17、18各号均含两曲,而第十九号未完成。在第十九号中,巴赫想把自己的姓名作成 B—A—C—H4个主题组成的四声部赋格,可惜未完成,他的手迹停止的地方就是这位大师要将他的名字的第四个字母填上去的地方。

这部作品被看成是高级对位的教科书,全曲分为:

Simple fugues:

1. Contrapunctus I: 4-voice fugue on principal subject

2. Contrapunctus II: 4-voice fugue on principal subject, accompanied by a 'French' style dotted rhythm

3. Contrapunctus III: 4-voice fugue on principal subject in inversion, employing intense chromaticism

4. Contrapunctus IV: 4-voice fugue on principal subject in inversion, employing counter-subjects

Stretto Fugues (Counter-fugues), in which the subject is used simultaneously in regular, inverted, augmented, and diminished forms:

5. Contrapunctus V: Has many stretto entries

6. Contrapunctus VI, a 4 in Stylo Francese

7. Contrapunctus VII, a 4 per Augmentationem et Diminutionem

Double and triple fugues, employing two and three subjects respectively:

8. Contrapunctus VIII, a 3: Triple fugue, with three subjects, having independent expositions

9. Contrapunctus IX, a 4 alla Duodecima: Double fugue, with two subjects occurring dependently, and in invertible counterpoint at the 12th

10. Contrapunctus X, a 4 alla Decima: Double fugue, with two subjects occurring dependently, and in invertible counterpoint at the 10th

11. Contrapunctus XI, a 4: Triple fugue, employing the three subjects of Contrapunctus VIII in inversion

Mirror fugues, in which a piece is notated once and then with voices and counterpoint completely inverted, without violating contrapuntal rules or musicality:

12. Contrapunctus XII, a 4

13. Contrapunctus 12a

14.  Contrapunctus 12b

15. Canon alla Ottava

16.  Canona alla Decima, in Contrapunto alla Terza

17.  Canon alla Duodecima in Contrapunto alla Quinta

18. Contrapunctus 13a

19. Contrapunctus 13b

20. Contrapunctus 14: Canon per Augmentationem in contrario motu

21. Contrapunctus 14 (18) : Fuga a 3 Soggetti

22. Chorale: Wenn wir in höchsten Nöten sein 

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评论 
remote - 04/26/22 08:39

这个得慢慢听

汉八刀 - 04/26/22 20:52

听巴赫的音乐真的费神费时,难度太高。

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